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Lesson plans

The 4Cs of Online Safety Risk

Content

Understanding the media and information encountered online through media literacy, critical thinking, and ethical decision-making skills.

Contact

Navigating online interactions safely by setting boundaries, adjusting privacy settings, and practising safe and respectful communication.

Conduct

Making responsible choices by behaving and communicating respectfully and understanding the impact online behaviours have on others.

Compulsion

Balancing digital technology use by fostering healthy habits, managing screen time and developing self-regulation skills.

Year levels

Years F-2

Years 3-4

Years 5-6

Popular topics

Healthy use of technology

Media and information literacy

Public and mass communication

Digital empathy

Online safety

Privacy and security

View all lesson plans
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Digital Licence overview
How it works
Quickstart guide
1
Prepare materials
2
Introduce the program
3
Run four lessons
4
Get the licences
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Conclude the program
How it works
Quickstart guidePrepare your materialsIntroduce the programRun four lessonsGet the licencesConclude the program
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eSmart

Australia's trusted provider of online safety education.
Access free, curriculum-aligned resources to help keep learners safe and responsible online.

Story time: Brick Needs a Break by Jayden Choi (Age 5) and Kim Maslin
Read the free eBook "Brick Needs a Break", a winning entry from the Series 1 Stories by Digital Children competition.
Speak up about Compulsion Risks: Create a podcast or fact sheet
Learners explore compulsion-related online safety risks by creating a podcast or fact sheet that encourages balanced digital habits.
Speak up about Contact Risks: Create a podcast or fact sheet
Learners explore contact risks by creating a podcast or fact sheet, building skills to stay safe when connecting with others online.
Speak up about Conduct Risks: Create a podcast or fact sheet
Empowering learners to explore online conduct risks through podcast creation or fact sheet design.
Speak up about Content Risks: Create a podcast or fact sheet
Empowering learners to explore online content risks through podcast creation or fact sheet design.
How to be a team player online
Learners explore how positive behaviour—like respect, kindness, and fairness—helps create safe online spaces.
Pause, notice, question, act: Stopping the spread of misinformation and disinformation
Learners build critical thinking skills to recognise and respond to misinformation that is shared with them.
Is it fair and authentic? Representation in online media
Learners explore fairness and inclusion in media, recognising diverse and respectful representation.
What fills your bucket? Mindful media consumption
Learners reflect on how online content affects their wellbeing, building habits to support emotional safety.
Classroom pop-ups: A storytelling lesson
Explore pop-up ads as a form of digital advertising through storytelling and roleplay.
Online Contact: A Conscience Alley Activity
In this activity, students explore problems and decisions faced online. It encourages boundary-setting, respectful interactions, and assertiveness for online safety.
Spotting Artificial Intelligence (AI) Images
This hands-on activity explores AI-generated images and ethical considerations, teaching students media literacy skills to distinguish between AI and human-created media while creating their own AI images.
Story Time: “Oh, No… Hacked Again!” by Zinet Kemal
This activity is relevant for students engaging in online activities such as gaming, social media, or messaging services, helping them identify when to seek support before sharing personal information, expanding their understanding of hacking and its impacts.
Gaming Rules: A Creative Writing Activity
This activity enhances creative writing in the English curriculum, focusing on character development, settings, and plot structures, and is relevant for students engaged in online gaming and social media, addressing respectful relationships and promoting empathy and respect in both online and offline environments.
Setting our Intentions: Authentic Apologies
In this arts-based activity, students explore sincere apologies and restorative practices in online behaviours through discussion and mixed-media collage creation, focusing on empathy, reflection, and responsibility.
Learning Through Poetry: Keys to the Future, by Children’s Laureate Wales
This activity introduces students to poetry, relates its key themes to their lives, addresses concerns about wellbeing and social interactions related to device usage, and encourages a balanced perspective on technology use.
Emotion Detectives: Regulating Online Feelings
This activity addresses issues related to technology use at school and home, promotes critical thinking about its emotional and social impact, develops self-regulation strategies, and cultivates communication skills such as active listening and empathy.
Spooky Content
Students craft protection brews against scary content, fostering media literacy through creative arts.
Fun with Filters: An Image Manipulation Lesson
Learners manipulate images using digital devices or traditional arts, laying the groundwork for media literacy concepts.
Story Time: Swoosh, Glide, and Rule Number 5
Students learn online safety through 'Swoosh, Glide, and Rule Number 5' story time, addressing internet use with family and friends.
Tic-Tac-Think: Digital Defenders Edition
This game promotes discussions about online safety, encouraging cooperation while learning to protect their personal information.
Ways to say “no”: A roleplay lesson
Students practice saying 'no' in online scenarios, fostering confidence and assertiveness to set personal boundaries safely.
Caring critters puppet party: Showing respect online
Students use soft toys, storytelling, and crafts to explore online kindness, fostering empathy and respectful behaviour in digital interactions.
Story Time: Raymond the Raccoon Misses His Friends
Students explore the importance of balanced digital device usage and encourages face-to-face social interactions.
Emotion detectives: Roleplay to explore technology and emotion
This activity helps students explore the emotional impacts of technology. It fosters balanced screen time and mindful online interactions.
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Healthy use of technologyMedia and information literacyPublic and mass communicationDigital empathyOnline safetyPrivacy and security

The impact of eSmart

1,550+

schools participated*

3,330+

educators participated*

157,570+

students participated*

1,070+

student and educator co-design participants*

*Reported up to Dec 2024.

Access adaptable, age-appropriate lesson plans that help learners develop media literacy and digital citizenship.

These resources, aligned with the Australian Curriculum (Version 9.0) and fully funded by the Australian Government, support educators in preparing learners to navigate the online world safely and responsibly.

Explore lesson plans

See all
Setting our Intentions: Authentic Apologies
Years 3-4

Conduct

About this Risk Area

The behaviour children and young people engage in online. 

‍

Example topics: 

  • Cyberbullying awareness and prevention strategies. 
  • Practicing kindness, empathy, and respectful communication online. 
  • Understanding the consequences of digital actions, including what can be deleted and what cannot be deleted. 
  • Respecting online community guidelines and fostering a positive online environment.

The resources for this risk area guide positive online behaviours, by promoting kindness, respect, and responsible digital citizenship.

Got it
Conduct
Setting our Intentions: Authentic Apologies

In this arts-based activity, students explore sincere apologies and restorative practices in online behaviours through discussion and mixed-media collage creation, focusing on empathy, reflection, and responsibility.

View lesson plan
Classroom pop-ups:  A storytelling lesson
Years F-2

Content

About this Risk Area

The material children may come across online, including inappropriate or harmful content.

‍

Example topics:

  • Strategies for avoidance and help-seeking in relation to problematic and/or offensive content.
  • Recognising and critically analysing misinformation, fake news, and clickbait.
  • Understanding the impact of online content on emotions, attitudes, and behaviours.
  • Respecting intellectual property rights and understanding copyright laws.

The resources for this risk area provide guidance on navigating and critically evaluating online material.

Got it
Content
Classroom pop-ups: A storytelling lesson

Explore pop-up ads as a form of digital advertising through storytelling and roleplay.

View lesson plan
Caring critters puppet party: Showing respect online
Years F-2

Conduct

About this Risk Area

The behaviour children and young people engage in online. 

‍

Example topics: 

  • Cyberbullying awareness and prevention strategies. 
  • Practicing kindness, empathy, and respectful communication online. 
  • Understanding the consequences of digital actions, including what can be deleted and what cannot be deleted. 
  • Respecting online community guidelines and fostering a positive online environment.

The resources for this risk area guide positive online behaviours, by promoting kindness, respect, and responsible digital citizenship.

Got it
Conduct
Caring critters puppet party: Showing respect online

Students use soft toys, storytelling, and crafts to explore online kindness, fostering empathy and respectful behaviour in digital interactions.

View lesson plan
How to be a team player online
Years 5-6

Conduct

About this Risk Area

The behaviour children and young people engage in online. 

‍

Example topics: 

  • Cyberbullying awareness and prevention strategies. 
  • Practicing kindness, empathy, and respectful communication online. 
  • Understanding the consequences of digital actions, including what can be deleted and what cannot be deleted. 
  • Respecting online community guidelines and fostering a positive online environment.

The resources for this risk area guide positive online behaviours, by promoting kindness, respect, and responsible digital citizenship.

Got it
Conduct
How to be a team player online

Learners explore how positive behaviour—like respect, kindness, and fairness—helps create safe online spaces.

View lesson plan
Story Time: Raymond the Raccoon Misses His Friends
Years F-2

Compulsion

About this Risk Area

Addresses excessive use of digital devices or online activities which can impact children's mental health, academic performance, and social relationships.

‍

Example topics:

  • Understanding the importance of balanced screen time.
  • Developing healthy habits for managing digital device use and prioritising offline activities.
  • Setting boundaries and practicing self-regulation when it comes to online gaming, social media, and other digital activities.

The resources for this risk area promote healthy relationships with technology and encourage positive social and emotional wellbeing.

Got it
Compulsion
Story Time: Raymond the Raccoon Misses His Friends

Students explore the importance of balanced digital device usage and encourages face-to-face social interactions.

View lesson plan
Emotion detectives: Roleplay to explore technology and emotion
Years F-2

Compulsion

About this Risk Area

Addresses excessive use of digital devices or online activities which can impact children's mental health, academic performance, and social relationships.

‍

Example topics:

  • Understanding the importance of balanced screen time.
  • Developing healthy habits for managing digital device use and prioritising offline activities.
  • Setting boundaries and practicing self-regulation when it comes to online gaming, social media, and other digital activities.

The resources for this risk area promote healthy relationships with technology and encourage positive social and emotional wellbeing.

Got it
Compulsion
Emotion detectives: Roleplay to explore technology and emotion

This activity helps students explore the emotional impacts of technology. It fosters balanced screen time and mindful online interactions.

View lesson plan
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Help your learners earn a FREE eSmart Digital Licence!

Essential digital citizenship and online safety skills for primary school-aged learners.
Supported by the Australian Government
Curriculum aligned, educator-led lesson plans
Fun and engaging supporting video content
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Learn more

The 4Cs of online safety risk

Our program embraces a tech-positive approach, recognising the immense benefits of technology, while also addressing the risks learners face online. Explore lesson plans across the four common online safety risk areas, based on the 4Cs framework.

A collection of five different icons representing a website layout, a video play button, a person, and a game controller.

Content

Understanding the media and information encountered online through media literacy, critical thinking, and ethical decision-making skills.

Explore lesson plans
A person is sitting at a computer with various icons around the screen, including a prohibited sign, a speech bubble, and a password field with asterisks.

Contact

Navigating online interactions safely by setting boundaries, adjusting privacy settings, and practising safe and respectful communication.

Explore lesson plans
Two tablets with smiling faces on the screens and a heart symbol in a speech bubble between them.

Conduct

Making responsible choices by behaving and communicating respectfully and understanding the impact online behaviours have on others.

Explore lesson plans
An illustration showing a clock in the center with icons around it representing a smartphone, a game controller, a video player, and social media interactions.

Compulsion

Balancing digital technology use by fostering healthy habits, managing screen time and developing self-regulation skills.

Explore lesson plans

Resources by risk areas

Our program embraces a tech-positive approach, recognising the immense benefits of technology, while also addressing the risks students face online. Explore our offerings across the four common online safety risk areas: content, contact, conduct, and compulsion.

Content island illustration.
Risk area

Content

Students may encounter inappropriate or harmful material online. These activities are designed to guide students in navigating and critically evaluating online material.

Contact island illustration.
Risk area

Contact

Student contact online may involve potentially harmful interactions. These activities are designed to guide safe online communication, privacy settings, and setting internet interaction boundaries.

Conduct island illustration.
Risk area

Conduct

Students' online behaviour refers to the actions and interactions they engage in while using digital platforms. These activities are designed to guide positive online behaviours and promote responsible digital citizenship.

Compulsion island illustration.
Risk area

Compulsion

Compulsion refers to excessive digital device use among students, impacting mental health, academics, and social life. These activities are designed to promote healthy tech habits.

More to explore

DigiTalk

DigiTalk helps Australian families raise safe, strong, and compassionate digital citizens through supportive resources.

Explore DigiTalk

Digital Licence+

Learning tools to help learners aged 10-14 build online safety skills and digital emotional intelligence.

Explore Digital Licence+

Media Literacy Lab

A fun, gamified platform empowering students to navigate the media landscape. Free for all Australian schools!

Explore Media Literacy Lab
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The Alannah & Madeline Foundation acknowledges and pays respect to the many First Nations and Traditional Custodians of the land and waters where we live, work and provide our services. We recognise and celebrate their spiritual and ongoing connection to culture and Country. We pay our respects to all Elders past and present, and with their guidance are committed to working to ensure all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people are safe and inspired with the freedom to flourish.
The Foundation adheres to the Victorian Child Safe Standards and the National Child Safe Principles. We are committed to promoting and prioritising child safety and uphold the rights of children and young people to be safe. View our Child Safeguarding - Policy & Framework.
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